The Three Types of Cross Contamination
The three main types of cross contamination include food to food, people to food, and equipment to food. Food industry professionals should know the difference between these three contamination types.
1. Food to food cross contamination- When contaminated foods make contact with noncontaminated foods, harmful bacteria can proliferate rapidly. Foods that have an especially high bacteria spread risk include-
- Raw meat
- Leafy green fresh produce
- Raw poultry
- Raw seafood
- Deli meats
- Unpasteurized milk
- Soft cheeses
Avoiding food to food cross contamination will help provide safe food for your customers. Food industry professionals should always keep food outside of the danger zone as much as possible and avoid mixing cooked foods with raw foods.
There are so many food safety tips to consider, from correct food storage to food allergies being considered. Safe food preparation also has many best practice techniques, from using separate containers for different food products to double-checking cooked foods for proper internal temperatures.
2.
Equipment to food cross contamination- Harmful bacteria can survive on surfaces for extensive amounts of time. Safe food preparation includes cleaning kitchen surfaces and utensils with hot soapy water consistently and thoroughly.
A common instance of equipment to food cross contamination is through cutting boards. When raw meat is cut on the same cutting board as fresh produce there can be residual harmful bacteria transferred from one food product to another via the cutting board used.
Preventing cross contamination necessitates washing the cutting board with hot soapy water after using it for the raw meat and before the fresh produce.
It is best to use separate cutting boards for separate food product types whenever possible. When cutting boards develop grooves that are difficult or impossible to properly clean it is time to replace them.
Studies have shown that older people are less likely to use hot soapy water on their cutting boards after preparing raw meat while younger people are largely uneducated about cross contamination risks. To decrease foodborne illness, all age groups need to understand the importance of preventing cross contamination.
3.
People to food cross contamination- A 2019 study found that only 58% of people wash hands before cooking or preparing food. Disturbingly, only 48% of people reported washing hands after sneezing or coughing.
Washing hands with hot soapy water for at least 20 seconds is the most effective way to avoid cross contamination. Make sure to wash hands not only before preparing foods but also between handling different food product types.
Cross contamination can also occur through a persons' clothing or even after contact with a cell phone. Even after proper handwashing, wiping your hands on a dirty washcloth can spread harmful bacteria from your person to a food product or piece of equipment.